Cordinator: Dr. Tsantilas Ch.

Research Unit: ΕΘΙΑΓΕ - ΙΧΤΕΛ

Supervisor: Dr. Tsantilas Ch.

Project Type: Competitive Program GGEE & T . Bilateral Partnerships ( Greek- Chinese cooperation)

Research Team: Dr. Samaras B., Dr. Sgouras I., I. Alatas, Dr. Machu Th., Dr. S. Stamatiadis, Dr. Christofi K., Tsantila E.

Start - End: 2005-2007

Funding Actor: Γ.Γ.Ε.Τ.

Participants: ΙΧΤΕΛ, Goulandris Natural History Museum - Gaia Centre for Environmental Research

Budget: 11.740,00 €

SUMMARY

Greek Results

Α. Experiment in containers

To study the effect of by-products ( sewage sludge and fly ash ) on performance of wheat and qualitative characteristics, as well as key indicators of soil quality, organized experiment in pots in the greenhouse of the Institute with the following characteristics:
Soil: used moderately acidic soil, which was collected from farm Pref. Karditsas, which was installed and the field experiment. The characteristics of this soil were pH 5.95, light kokometrikiss recommendation (S, SCL) and organic matter content of 1.8 %.
Fly ash They came from the coal plant to PPC Ptolemais .
Sewage sludge: They came from sewage Larissa unit.
Plant: Durum wheat L.
Experimental design: Complete randomized groups.
Treatments: 6 (Control -C, application of inorganic fertilizer -IF (12 units . N , 6 units . P2O5 ) , application of fly ash in two volumes -T1 (0,0025 kg FA / kg soil ) and T2 (0,0050 kg FA / kg soil ) , with inorganic fertilization , application of fly ash in one portion T1 and sewage sludge at two different doses -SS1, SS2 (0,0028 kg dry sludge / kg soil and 0,0056 kg dry sludge / kg soil ) , with four repetitions in each.

The effect of the fly ash and sludge in pH, organic matter content , the electrical conductivity and available forms of the elements P and K are shown in Table 1. The fly ash increased the pH, while the application of the slurry significantly increased the organic substance soil . Both materials together contributed to a significant increase in soil electrical conductivity and the available P, while not significantly affecting the available K, which tended to decrease. H embodiment the two materials does not affect the total concentration of Fe , Mn, Zn, Pb and Ni, and caused an increase of the concentration of Cu, effects attributed to biological sludge (Tab . 2 ) . Instead the concentration of available forms of minerals ( extractables with DTPA ) decreased due to the ash and tended to increase due to the sludge ( Tab. 3 )

Table 1. Effect of fly ash and sludge in pH, Org . Substance conductivity and nutrient elements phosphorus and potassium soil.

* Numbers in the same column with different letters followed by different letters differ significantly at P & lt probability level ? 0.05 according to the test of EA . The same applies to Tables 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ( below)

Table 2. Effect of fly ash and sludge in the total concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Ni soil

Table 3. Effect of fly ash and sludge in available formats ( extractable by DTPA) of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Ni soil.

In plants, the concentration of P elements , K, N , B , Fe, Zn and Cu were not significantly affected by the fly ash and the application of the slurry , and the concentrations of Ca increased , Mg, while the Mn decreased , due to the increased pH ( Tab. 4).

Table 4. Effect of fly ash and sludge at the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn and Pb in the dry matter of the wheat.

Β. Field trials

An equivalent experiment was installed in a field of the area of Mirina Pref. Karditsas , to study the effect of fly ash in combination with sewage sludge on the yield of wheat and soil quality, in field conditions with the following characteristics:
Region: Myrina Karditsas
Soil: moderately acidic, Typic Haploxerlaf
Plant: Triticum vulgare, L.
Experimental design: Complete randomized groups
Treatments: Control -C, application of inorganic fertilizer -IF (12 units . N, 6 units . P2O5 ) application of fly ash in two volumes -T1 (562.5 kg / ha . FA ) and T2 (1125 kg / ha . FA ) , with inorganic fertilization, application of fly ash T1 and sewage sludge at two different doses -SS1 (630 kg / ha . SS), SS2 (1260 kg / ha . SS).
Repetitions: 4.
Duration: 1 year (2007).

A photographic view of the experiments shown in the pictures below.

The results in terms of soil content of both nutrients and the behavior of heavy metals were similar to those of the greenhouse experiment. A significant increase in yields in wheat and in total biomass in relation to only the witness, but not among the other treatments. This potentially be because the soil was moderately acidic pH 5,95, and the development of wheat does not seem to lag behind in such an environment where key role played by the adequacy or otherwise of nutrients. Therefore , increasing the efficiency and the biomass attached to the adequacy of nutrients N , P, K , Ca, Mg and B equipped ground with both inorganic fertilization and with combinations of inorganic lubricant and fly ash and fly ash , and sludge ( Tab. 5).

Table 5. The effect of the fly ash and the sludge to yield , biomass and on the concentrations of N , K , Ca, Mg, and the heavy metals Cu , Mn and Zn plant wheat tissues.