Scientific Supervisor: Ch. Tsantilas
SUMMARY
By experimentation in the field and in the laboratory, the effect of calcination of acidic soil to absorb the metals Cd, Fe and Mn from tobacco. Experimentation was done in the areas Agia, Agios Athanasios Drama Friday and Mosses Pieria and lasted from 1995 to 1999. The pikilies tobacco used were experimentation Pieria Samson 53 (S53) (Oriental tasty tobacco type var. Samsun 53 -S53) and experimentation Drama Virginia tobacco flue-cured (VE9). The soils in both areas was acidic Typic Haploxeralf. The experiments were installed was factorial with two factors (factor A: amount of liming material and factor B: nitrate / ammonium nitrogen ratio) and nine interventions.
In the case of Himachal Pradesh as liming material used asvestoilys square sugar factory in the case of Drama lime in amounts suitable to increase the pH to the 6.0 value. The avestosis materials added before the experiment began in autumn or winter of 1994 in Pieria and Drama respectively. On the next growing season and until 1998 was cultivated tobacco varieties mentioned in exactly the same positions and to implement all tended (fertilizing, weeding, irrigation) applicable to regions.
At appropriate times samples were ground and the collection of tobacco "hands" and formed appropriate samples for analysis post sorting of tobacco and non-marketable product. In soil samples and sheets made with acceptable methodologies assays referred to in the survey characteristics. The obtained data were statistically analyzed according to the factorial experimental design, and where needed done and regression analysis. Also by experimentation in the laboratory (experiment in containers in Inst. Char / Soil ing), the effect of calcination atin absorption of Cd by tobacco variety Sampson 53.
The results showed that:
Experimentation Drama calcification had little effect on the performance of the smoke. The yield expressed as a dry product was not affected in any interference throughout the experiment. Contrary to yield a marketable product showed that no significant interaction between form N and liming. The marketable amount of tobacco was higher in the treatments that had received 0 or 150 kg / ha. lime, when the ratio N was 50:50. In general it can be said that the nitrate form of N favors the performance of the tobacco market and its quality. As regards the influence of liming and nitrogen to form a concentration of heavy metals in the smoke leaves the results of this experiment showed that the liming and form N did not significantly affect the concentration of Cd and Fe in tobacco leaves . However all the experimental years of Agia Paraskevi Dramas observed reduction of Cd trend by increasing the quantity of lime .
In 1999 the new experimentation position in Agios Athanasios Dramas showed that the ratio of the form N considerably affects the Cd concentration in leaves. The ratio gives a lower concentration is 50:50 nitrate: ammonium N. In contrast however, the Cd and Fe, the Mn was influenced strongly by the calcification and no interaction of calcification was observed in the form of nitrogen. In all the years of experimentation, the Mn concentration decreased with increasing amount of lime. In experiment 1999, and it appeared that the ratio of N forms influences the Cd concentration in tobacco leaves, which is smaller in the case of the ratio 50:50 nitrate: ammonium N. To soil pH appear to significantly affect the availability of Mn and Cd, as resulted from the strong relationship with the concentration thereof in tobacco leaves.
Experimentation Pieria seemed that there was a significant interaction between the two factors ( asbestosis and form N ) to yield smoke. The nitrate form N gave the highest yield in the treatment received 400 Kg CaCO3 / ha . It therefore appears that the nitrate form N best suited with respect to the ammonium form of the development of the tobacco variety of Samson 53 ( S53 ).As regards the effect of calcination in Cd concentration in tobacco leaves there was no consistent effect, which was attributed to the low Cd concentration in leaf. So the first and third year of experimentation calcification significantly reduced the concentration of Cd, while the second and fourth year there was no significant effect. The concentration of Mn DSS sheets dropped significantly with soil liming and tended to be increased if the form of N was ammonium. Unlike the the Fe concentration was not significantly altered, apparently for the same reasons as in the case of the experiment in Pieria.
End of experimentation in the laboratory showed that the calcification calcification significantly increased the yield of tobacco, which is negatively affected by the absorption of Cd. The pH strongly affected in a negative way the absorption of Cd by reducing the available forms of this soil.